Hesperiidae, or skippers, are a family of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They are typically termed butterflies since they are nocturnal. The most recent taxonomy places the family in the superfamily Papilionoidea, which includes butterflies. Previously, they were assigned to a different superfamily called Hesperioidea.
Interesting Facts
- They got their name from the brisk, darting way they flew. Most have slender, hook-like projections added to the antenna tips.
- Additionally, skippers typically lack the wing-coupling structure found in the majority of moths.
Appearance
These tiny, robust insects are smaller than most butterflies and have shorter wings. Their antennae are thick hooks at the end. Most species in Michigan have brown or tan backgrounds with black, orange, or yellow patterns. Skipper caterpillars are never highly colored and are typically green or brown, occasionally whitish. Their “collar,” a slender band that surrounds the body just behind the skull, easily recognizes them.
Diet
Skipper caterpillars consume the leaves of trees, shrubs, reeds, and grasses. The majority of species have only one type of food plant.
Predators
Predators include birds that consume insects, shrews, mice, frogs and toads, spiders, ants, wasps, mantids, parasitic flies, lady beetles, and green lacewings. Due to their camouflage, caterpillars frequently hide during the day. Many species build nests of leaves and silk for further defense.
Habitat
These species are typically found close to their host plants, as is typical for Lepidoptera. While most North American species consume grasses, certain common species also consume shrubs and trees, particularly those belonging to the bean family. Although they can be found in many settings, meadows and the edges of woods are where they are most frequently found.
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